- Residency - University of Chicago Hospitals (1974-1975), Psychiatry
- Internship - Blodgett Memorial Medical Center (1971-1972), Internal Medicine
- Medical School - Vanderbilt University Hospital
Carol Tamminga, M.D.
- Lydia Bryant Test Distinguished University Chair in Psychiatric Research
- Psychiatry
Biography
Carol Tamminga, M.D., is the Chief, Translational Research in Psychosis.
Dr. Tamminga received her M.D. degree from Vanderbilt University and completed residency training in psychiatry at the University of Chicago. She served on the University of Chicago faculty from 1975 to 1979 and moved to the National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke for training in neurology in 1978. After joining the faculty at the University of Maryland Medical School in 1979, she taught, conducted research, and performed clinical care there until joining the faculty at UT Southwestern Medical Center in 2003.
Dr. Tamminga has been a member of the national advisory board for the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) and is currently active in the Brain and Behavioral Research Foundation. She has served on NIMH’s Board of Scientific Counselors and the National Institute of Drug Abuse and as a council member and President of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. She has also been a member and Chair of the FDA’s Psychopharmacological Drugs Advisory Committee and served as a consultant for the FDA’s Orphan Products Development Review Group. She has been a deputy editor of the American Journal of Psychiatry and serves on the editorial board of several other journals in the field. Dr. Tamminga was elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 1998 and has served on several Academy committees in that capacity.
The goal of Dr. Tamminga’s research is to examine and understand the mechanisms underlying schizophrenia, especially its most prominent symptoms, psychosis and memory dysfunction, in order to build rational treatments for the illness. She evaluates the function of the living human brain in individuals with and without schizophrenia, using brain imaging techniques. Then, building on this knowledge, she uses human postmortem brain tissue to develop molecular observations of the illness. Her ultimate goal is to use the molecular changes she identifies both as biomarkers for the illness and as targets on which to base new drug therapies for psychosis and memory dysfunction.
Meet Dr. Tamminga
Psychiatrist in Dallas
Psychiatrist and researcher Carol Tamminga, M.D., Professor of Psychiatry at UT Southwestern, has a very clear perspective: Psychiatric illnesses are diseases of the brain, not conditions of behavior.
“Whether patients are suffering from psychosis, depression, anxiety, or PTSD,” she says, “I’m always asking myself: How do we discover and treat the physical basis for this disease? At the same time, we have to keep in mind the psychological experience of illness, however.
Dr. Tamminga specializes in treating psychotic illnesses, such as schizophrenia, psychotic bipolar disorder, and schizoaffective disorder. Epidemiologic studies suggest that in populations the size of the Dallas-Ft. Worth Metroplex, there are at least 500 new cases of psychotic illness every year. Dr. Tamminga’s work is focused on both improving Dallas’s current systems of care for these patients and developing new ways to detect and treat their disease.
Focused on Early Detection and Treatment
She says that for people who develop psychotic illnesses, early and aggressive treatment can make all the difference in their ultimate function and quality of life. And the best early treatments combine medications with social support, teaching these patients healthy cognitive and social skills as well as resilience because they often have a hard time maintaining social networks and employment.
“People with psychosis can easily become isolated and socially ostracized,” Dr. Tamminga says. “They may get put away in a corner, sometimes in the corner of a state hospital, way out in the country.”
Dr. Tamminga and her team are trying to combat that state of neglect by establishing a new center for early psychosis at UT Southwestern – in partnership with community facilities and hospitals – where new psychosis patients can receive comprehensive support and the latest advances in treatment.
Research to Improve Diagnosis and Drugs
The heart of Dr. Tamminga’s work is research to improve diagnosis of these illnesses and to find new targets for drug development. Her group is the lead site of a national consortium that is developing biologic brain measures of psychotic illness, devising ways to diagnose these illnesses based on biology, not behavior.
“If a patient walks into the physician’s office with possible psychosis,” she says, “the physician can run some tests just like he or she would for diabetes or hypertension. That’s the goal.”
The group also conducts laboratory research to explore how the brain makes a hallucination or a delusion.
“This research is giving us an idea of what is happening at a cellular and synaptic level,” she says. It suggests that the best way to think of psychotic illness is as a disease of learning and memory. “It’s the opposite kind of learning and memory disorder as dementia,” she says. “In dementia, the cellular machinery for learning and memory is degenerating. We think that in psychotic illnesses the cellular activity is hyperactive.”
Finding the brain’s mechanisms for creating these symptoms opens up new opportunities to refine treatment.
“Once we understand the mechanisms in the brain, then pharmaceutical companies will be able to develop more effective drugs, perhaps with fewer side effects than our current options,” she says.
Meanwhile, Dr. Tamminga notes that for many people with psychotic illness, access to quality psychiatric care is an ongoing challenge.
“There is a shortage of psychiatrists in Texas, so we have been developing a substantial psychiatric training program, including new residency programs that combine psychiatry and neurology and psychiatry and internal medicine.”
The residency program at UT Southwestern is the largest in Texas and one of largest in the country. Dr. Tamminga says she’s proud to have the opportunity to train young psychiatrists to understand how the brain works and to be creative in thinking about how the brain supports psychiatric symptoms.
“We strive to be the place that makes every attempt to understand the biological basis of psychiatric illness in the context of expert psychological care so that our patients have the best chance at a high quality of life.”
Education & Training
Professional Associations & Affiliations
- Stanley Foundation Advisory Board
- NARSAD Scientific Council Member, currently Executive Committee
- Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences
- Deputy Editor, American Journal of Psychiatry
- Co-Founder and Organizer, International Congress on Schizophrenia Research
Honors & Awards
- Research Lecturer of the Year 2001, University of Maryland, School of Medicine
- Arvid Carlsson Medal Award 2008
- Leiber Award for Schizophrenia Research 2011, The Lieber Prize for Schizophrenia Research is given in recognition of a research scientist who has made distinguished contributions to the understanding of schizophrenia.
- Kempf Award, American Psychiatric Society 2011, This award recognizes a senior researcher who has made a significant contribution to research on the causes and treatment of schizophrenia as both a researcher and a mentor.
- Flynn Award 2011, Yale University Department of Psychiatry
Books & Publications
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Publications
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Clinical Phenotypes of Psychosis in the Bipolar and Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP).
Tamminga CA, Ivleva EI, Keshavan MS, Pearlson GD, Clementz BA, Witte B, Morris DW, Bishop J, Thaker GK, Sweeney JA The American journal of psychiatry 2013 Jul -
Neuropsychological Impairments in Schizophrenia and Psychotic Bipolar Disorder: Findings from the Bipolar and Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) Study.
Hill SK, Reilly JL, Keefe RS, Gold JM, Bishop JR, Gershon ES, Tamminga CA, Pearlson GD, Keshavan MS, Sweeney JA The American journal of psychiatry 2013 Jun -
Diffusion Tensor Imaging White Matter Endophenotypes in Patients With Schizophrenia or Psychotic Bipolar Disorder and Their Relatives.
Skudlarski P, Schretlen DJ, Thaker GK, Stevens MC, Keshavan MS, Sweeney JA, Tamminga CA, Clementz BA, O'Neil K, Pearlson GD The American journal of psychiatry 2013 Jun -
Kv3.1-containing K(+) channels are reduced in untreated schizophrenia and normalized with antipsychotic drugs.
Yanagi M, Joho RH, Southcott SA, Shukla AA, Ghose S, Tamminga CA Molecular psychiatry 2013 Apr -
Reimagining psychoses: An agnostic approach to diagnosis.
Keshavan MS, Clementz BA, Pearlson GD, Sweeney JA, Tamminga CA Schizophrenia research 2013 Mar -
Psychosis is emerging as a learning and memory disorder.
Tamminga CA Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2013 Jan 38 1 247 -
Schizophrenia: Treatment Targets Beyond Monoamine Systems
Ibrahim, H., Tamminga, C. Phamacol. 2011 Toxicol. 2011.51 -
Functional connectivity of Brain Structures Correlates with Treatment outcome in Major Depressive Disorder.
325. Kozel, F., Rao, U., Lu, H., Nakonezny, P., Grannemann, B., McGregor, T., Croarkin, P., Mapes, K., Tamminga, C., Trivedi, M.. Frontiers in Psychiatry 2011 -
The hippocampal formation in schizophrenia.
Tamminga CA, Stan AD, Wagner AD The American journal of psychiatry 2010 Oct 167 10 1178-93 -
The Hippocampal Formation in Schizophrenia
Tamminga,C.A., Stan,A.D., Wagner,A.D. Am J Psychiatry 2010 -
The GABA b receptor as a target for antidepressant drug action.
Ghose, S., Winter, MK, McCarson, KE, Tamminga, CA, and Enna, SJ. British Journal of Pharmacology 2010 -
Molecular adaptations underlying susceptibility and resistance to social defeat in brain reward regions.
Krishnan V, Han MH, Graham DL, Berton O, Renthal W, Russo SJ, Laplant Q, Graham A, Lutter M, Lagace DC, Ghose S, Reister R, Tannous P, Green TA, Neve RL, Chakravarty S, Kumar A, Eisch AJ, Self DW, Lee FS, Tamminga CA, Cooper DC, Gershenfeld HK, Nestler EJ Cell 2007 Oct 131 2 391-404 -
Human postmortem tissue: what quality markers matter?
Stan AD, Ghose S, Gao XM, Roberts RC, Lewis-Amezcua K, Hatanpaa KJ, Tamminga CA Brain research 2006 Dec 1123 1 1-11 -
Reversal of Depressed Behaviors by p11 Gene Therapy in the Nucleus Accumbens
Alexander, B., Warner-Schmidt, J., Eriksson, T., Tamminga, C., Arango-Lhievano, M., Ghose, S., Vernov, M., Stavarche, M., Musatov, S., Flajolet, M., Svenningsson, P., Greengard, P., Kaplin, M.G. Science 2001 -
Probing the human hippocampus using rCBF: contrasts in schizophrenia.
Medoff DR, Holcomb HH, Lahti AC, Tamminga CA Hippocampus 2001 11 5 543-50 -
Clonazepam treatment of tardive dyskinesia: A practical GABAmimetic strategy
Thaker, G.K., Nguyen J.A., Strauss, M.E., Jacobson, R., Kaup, B.A., Tamminga, C.A. Am J Psychiatry 1990 147(4) 445-451 -
GABA agonist therapy improves tardive dyskinesia
Tamminga, C.A., Thaker, G.K., Hare, T., Ferraro, T. Lancet 1983 ii 97-98 -
Schizophrenic Symptoms Improve with Apomorphine
Tamminga, C.A., Schaffer, M.H., Smith, R.C., Davis, J.M. Science 1978 200 567-568 -
Muscimol: GABA agonist therapy in schizophrenia
Tamminga, C.A., Crayton, J.C., Chase, T.N. Am J Psychiatry 1978 135 746-748 -
Cholinergic influences in tardive dyskinesia
Tamminga, C.A., Smith, R.C., Ericksen, S.E., Chang, S., Davis, J.M. Am J Psychiatry 1977 134 769-774
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Clinical Phenotypes of Psychosis in the Bipolar and Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP).
Research
- Schizophrenia Research
- Postmortem Brain Research
- Human Translational Neuroscience
- Human Brain Imaging